Photos - Fotos: Robert Frank - Photojournalism - Part 1 - 17 photos - Bio data
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Robert Frank (born November 9, 1924, Zürich), is an important figure in American photography and film. His most notable work, the 1958 book titled The Americans, was influential, and earned Frank comparisons to a modern-day de Tocqueville for his fresh and nuanced outsider's view of American society. Frank later expanded into film and video and experimented with manipulating photographs and photomontage.
Background and early photography career
Frank was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Switzerland. His mother, Rosa, was Swiss, but his father, Hermann, had become stateless after World War I and had to apply for the Swiss citizenship of Frank and his older brother, Manfred. Though Frank and his family remained safe in Switzerland during World War II, the threat of Nazism nonetheless affected his understanding of oppression. He turned to photography, in part as a means to escape the confines of his business-oriented family and home, and trained under a few photographers and graphic designers before he created his first hand-made book of photographs, 40 Fotos, in 1946. Frank emigrated to the United States in 1947, and secured a job in New York City as a fashion photographer for Harper's Bazaar. He soon left to travel in South America and Europe. He created another hand-made book of photographs that he shot in Peru, and returned to the U.S. in 1950. That year was momentous for Frank, who, after meeting Edward Steichen, participated in the group show 51 American Photographers at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA); he also married fellow artist Mary Frank née Mary Lockspeiser, with whom he had two children, Andrea and Pablo.
Though he was initially optimistic about United States society and culture, Frank's perspective quickly changed as he confronted the fast pace of American life and what he saw as an overemphasis on money. He now saw America as an often bleak and lonely place, a perspective that became evident in his later photography. Frank's own dissatisfaction with the control that editors exercised over his work also undoubtedly colored his experience. He continued to travel, moving his family briefly to Paris. In 1953, he returned to New York and continued to work as a freelance photojournalist for magazines including McCall's, Vogue, and Fortune. Associating with other contemporary photographers such as Saul Leiter and Diane Arbus, he helped form what Jane Livingston has termed The New York School of photographers during the 1940s and 1950s.
The Americans
Main article: The Americans (book in the photography)
With the aid of his major artistic influence, the photographer Walker Evans, Frank secured a grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in 1955 to travel across the United States and photograph all strata of its society. Cities he visited included Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan; Savannah, Georgia; Miami Beach and St. Petersburg, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; Reno, Nevada; Salt Lake City, Utah; Butte, Montana; and Chicago, Illinois.[1] He took his family along with him for part of his series of road trips over the next two years, during which time he took 28,000 shots. Only 83 of those were finally selected by him for publication in The Americans. Frank's journey was not without incident. He later recalled the anti-Semitism to which he was subject in a small Arkansas town.
“I remember the guy [policeman] took me into the police station, and he sat there and put his feet on the table. It came out that I was Jewish because I had a letter from the Guggenheim Foundation. They really were primitive.” He was told by the sheriff, “Well, we have to get somebody who speaks Yiddish. They wanted to make a thing out of it. It was the only time it happened on the trip. They put me in jail. It was scary. Nobody knew I was there.” [2][3]
Elsewhere in the South, he was told by a sheriff that he had "an hour to leave town."
Shortly after returning to New York in 1957, Frank met Beat writer Jack Kerouac on the sidewalk outside a party and showed him the photographs from his travels. Kerouac immediately told Frank "Sure I can write something about these pictures," and he contributed the introduction to the U.S. edition of The Americans. Frank also became lifelong friends with Allen Ginsberg, and was one of the main visual artists to document the Beat subculture, which felt an affinity with Frank's interest in documenting the tensions between the optimism of the 1950s and the realities of class and racial differences. The irony that Frank found in the gloss of American culture and wealth over this tension gave his photographs a clear contrast to those of most contemporary American photojournalists, as did his use of unusual focus, low lighting and cropping that deviated from accepted photographic techniques.
This divergence from contemporary photographic standards gave Frank difficulty at first in securing an American publisher. Les Américains was first published in 1958 by Robert Delpire in Paris, and finally in 1959 in the United States by Grove Press, where it initially received substantial criticism. Popular Photography, for one, derided his images as "meaningless blur, grain, muddy exposures, drunken horizons and general sloppiness." Though sales were also poor at first, the fact that the introduction was by the popular Kerouac helped it reach a larger audience. Over time and through its inspiration of later artists, The Americans became a seminal work in American photography and art history, and is the work with which Frank is most clearly identified. In 1961, Frank received his first individual show, entitled Robert Frank: Photographer, at the Art Institute of Chicago. He also showed at MoMA in New York in 1962.
To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the first publication of The Americans, a new edition was released worldwide on May 30, 2008. Robert Frank discussed with his publisher, Gerhard Steidl, the idea of producing a new edition using modern scanning and the finest tritone printing. The starting point was to bring original prints from New York to Göttingen, Germany, where Steidl is based. In July 2007, Frank visited Göttingen. A new format for the book was worked out and new typography selected. A new cover was designed and Frank chose the book cloth, foil embossing and the endpaper. Most significantly, as he has done for every edition of The Americans, Frank changed the cropping of many of the photographs, usually cropping less. Two images were changed completely from the original 1958 and 1959 editions. A celebratory exhibit of The Americans was displayed in 2009 at the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.[4]
The second section of the four-section, 2009, SFMOMA [1] exhibition displays Frank’s original application to the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial (which funded the primary work on the Americans project), along with vintage contact sheets, letters to photographer Walker Evans and author Jack Kerouac, and two early manuscript versions of Kerouac’s introduction to the book. Also exhibited are three collages (made from more than 115 original rough work prints) that were assembled under Frank’s supervision in 2007 and 2008, revealing his intended themes as well as his first rounds of image selection.
Films
By the time The Americans was published in the United States, Frank had moved away from photography to concentrate on filmmaking. Among his films was the 1959 Pull My Daisy, which was written and narrated by Kerouac and starred Ginsberg, Gregory Corso and others from the Beat circle. The Beats emphasized spontaneity, and the film conveyed the quality of having been thrown together or even improvised. Pull My Daisy was accordingly praised for years as an improvisational masterpiece, until Frank's co-director, Alfred Leslie, revealed in a November 28, 1968 article in the Village Voice that the film was actually carefully planned, rehearsed, and directed by him and Frank, who shot the film with professional lighting.
In 1960, Frank was staying in Pop artist George Segal's basement while filming Sin of Jesus with a grant from Walter K. Gutman. Isaac Babel's story was transformed to center on a woman working on a chicken farm in New Jersey. It was originally supposed to be filmed in six weeks in and around New Brunswick, but Frank ended up shooting for six months.
His 1972 documentary of the Rolling Stones, Cocksucker Blues, is arguably his best known film. The film shows the Stones while on their '72 tour, engaging in heavy drug use and group sex. Perhaps more disturbing to the Stones when they saw the finished product, however, was the degree to which Frank faithfully captured the loneliness and despair of life on the road. Mick Jagger reportedly told Frank, "It's a fucking good film, Robert, but if it shows in America we'll never be allowed in the country again." The Stones sued to prevent the film's release, and it was disputed whether Frank as the artist or the Stones as those who hired the artist actually owned the copyright. A court order resolved this with Solomonic wisdom by restricting the film to being shown no more than five times per year and only in the presence of Frank. Frank's photography also appeared on the cover of the Rolling Stones' album Exile on Main St..
Other films by Robert Frank include Me and My Brother (film), "Sin of Jesus", "Keep Busy", and Candy Mountain which he co-directed with Rudy Wurlitzer.
Filmography
1959: Pull My Daisy (with Alfred Leslie)
1961: The Sin of Jesus
1963: O.K. End Here
1965/68: Me And My Brother
1969: Conversations in Vermont
1969: Life-Raft Earth
1971: About Me: A Musical
1972: Cocksucker Blues
1975: Keep Busy (with Rudy Wurlitzer)
1980: Life Dances On
1981: Energy and How to Get It (with Rudy Wurlitzer and Gary Hill)
1983: This Song For Jack
1985: Home Improvements
1987: Candy Mountain (with Rudy Wurlitzer)
1989: Hunter
1990: C’est vrai! (One Hour)
1992: Last Supper
1994: Moving Pictures
2002: Paper Route
2004, 2008: True Story
Return to still images
Though Frank continued to be interested in film and video, he returned to still images in the 1970s, publishing his second photographic book, The Lines of My Hand, in 1972. This work has been described as a "visual autobiography", and consists largely of personal photographs. However, he largely gave up "straight" photography to instead create narratives out of constructed images and collages, incorporating words and multiple frames of images that were directly scratched and distorted on the negatives. None of this later work has achieved an impact comparable to that of The Americans. As some critics have pointed out, this is perhaps because Frank began playing with constructed images more than a decade after Robert Rauschenberg introduced his silkscreen composites—in contrast to The Americans, Frank's later images simply were not beyond the pale of accepted technique and practice by that time.
Frank and Mary separated in 1969. He remarried, to sculptor June Leaf, and in 1971, moved to the community of Mabou, Nova Scotia in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia in Canada. In 1974, tragedy struck when his daughter, Andrea, was killed in a plane crash in Tikal, Guatemala. Also around this time, his son, Pablo, was first hospitalized and diagnosed with schizophrenia. Much of Frank's subsequent work has dealt with the impact of the loss of both his daughter and subsequently his son, who died in an Allentown, Pennsylvania hospital in 1994. In 1995, he founded the Andrea Frank Foundation, which provides grants to artists.
Since his move to Nova Scotia, Canada, Frank has divided his time between his home there in a former fisherman's shack on the coast, and his Bleecker Street loft in New York. He has acquired a reputation for being a recluse (particularly since the death of Andrea), declining most interviews and public appearances. He has continued to accept eclectic assignments, however, such as photographing the 1984 Democratic National Convention, and directing music videos for artists such as New Order ("Run"), and Patti Smith ("Summer Cannibals"). Frank continues to produce both films and still images, has helped organize several retrospectives of his art, and his work has been represented by Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York since 1984.[1]In 1994, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC presented the most comprehensive retrospective of Frank's work to date, entitled Moving Out. Frank was awarded the prestigious Hasselblad Award for photography in 1996. His 1997 award exhibition at the Hasselblad Center in Goteborg, Sweden was entitled Flamingo, as was the accompanying published catalog.
Exhibitions
2008, Robert Frank, Paris, Museum Folkwang, Essen
2009, The Americans, National Gallery of Art, Washington D C
2009, Robert Frank. Die Filme, C/O Berlin, Berlin
2012, Robert Frank, From the collection of Fotomuseum Winterthur,[5]Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow
Photo Books
1958: Les Americains, French, Published by Robert Delpire, Paris
1959: The Americans, English, introduction by Jack Kerouac
1972: The lines of my hand
1997: Flamingo
2003: Twenty-four Photographs
2006: Come again
2007: London/Wales
2008: Die Amerikaner, German, reconstructed version of "The Americans" by Robert Frank, introduction by Jack Kerouac; Steidl Verlag, Göttingen 2008 in German ISBN 978-3-86521-658-8. In English ISBN 978-3-86521-584-0. In Chinese, titled Meiguoren ISBN 978-3-86521-657-1
2012: Ferne Nähe/Distant Closeness. Hommage für Robert Walser/A Tribute to Robert Walser. ISBN 978-3-9523586-2-7.
Background and early photography career
Frank was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Switzerland. His mother, Rosa, was Swiss, but his father, Hermann, had become stateless after World War I and had to apply for the Swiss citizenship of Frank and his older brother, Manfred. Though Frank and his family remained safe in Switzerland during World War II, the threat of Nazism nonetheless affected his understanding of oppression. He turned to photography, in part as a means to escape the confines of his business-oriented family and home, and trained under a few photographers and graphic designers before he created his first hand-made book of photographs, 40 Fotos, in 1946. Frank emigrated to the United States in 1947, and secured a job in New York City as a fashion photographer for Harper's Bazaar. He soon left to travel in South America and Europe. He created another hand-made book of photographs that he shot in Peru, and returned to the U.S. in 1950. That year was momentous for Frank, who, after meeting Edward Steichen, participated in the group show 51 American Photographers at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA); he also married fellow artist Mary Frank née Mary Lockspeiser, with whom he had two children, Andrea and Pablo.
Though he was initially optimistic about United States society and culture, Frank's perspective quickly changed as he confronted the fast pace of American life and what he saw as an overemphasis on money. He now saw America as an often bleak and lonely place, a perspective that became evident in his later photography. Frank's own dissatisfaction with the control that editors exercised over his work also undoubtedly colored his experience. He continued to travel, moving his family briefly to Paris. In 1953, he returned to New York and continued to work as a freelance photojournalist for magazines including McCall's, Vogue, and Fortune. Associating with other contemporary photographers such as Saul Leiter and Diane Arbus, he helped form what Jane Livingston has termed The New York School of photographers during the 1940s and 1950s.
The Americans
Main article: The Americans (book in the photography)
With the aid of his major artistic influence, the photographer Walker Evans, Frank secured a grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in 1955 to travel across the United States and photograph all strata of its society. Cities he visited included Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan; Savannah, Georgia; Miami Beach and St. Petersburg, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; Reno, Nevada; Salt Lake City, Utah; Butte, Montana; and Chicago, Illinois.[1] He took his family along with him for part of his series of road trips over the next two years, during which time he took 28,000 shots. Only 83 of those were finally selected by him for publication in The Americans. Frank's journey was not without incident. He later recalled the anti-Semitism to which he was subject in a small Arkansas town.
“I remember the guy [policeman] took me into the police station, and he sat there and put his feet on the table. It came out that I was Jewish because I had a letter from the Guggenheim Foundation. They really were primitive.” He was told by the sheriff, “Well, we have to get somebody who speaks Yiddish. They wanted to make a thing out of it. It was the only time it happened on the trip. They put me in jail. It was scary. Nobody knew I was there.” [2][3]
Elsewhere in the South, he was told by a sheriff that he had "an hour to leave town."
Shortly after returning to New York in 1957, Frank met Beat writer Jack Kerouac on the sidewalk outside a party and showed him the photographs from his travels. Kerouac immediately told Frank "Sure I can write something about these pictures," and he contributed the introduction to the U.S. edition of The Americans. Frank also became lifelong friends with Allen Ginsberg, and was one of the main visual artists to document the Beat subculture, which felt an affinity with Frank's interest in documenting the tensions between the optimism of the 1950s and the realities of class and racial differences. The irony that Frank found in the gloss of American culture and wealth over this tension gave his photographs a clear contrast to those of most contemporary American photojournalists, as did his use of unusual focus, low lighting and cropping that deviated from accepted photographic techniques.
This divergence from contemporary photographic standards gave Frank difficulty at first in securing an American publisher. Les Américains was first published in 1958 by Robert Delpire in Paris, and finally in 1959 in the United States by Grove Press, where it initially received substantial criticism. Popular Photography, for one, derided his images as "meaningless blur, grain, muddy exposures, drunken horizons and general sloppiness." Though sales were also poor at first, the fact that the introduction was by the popular Kerouac helped it reach a larger audience. Over time and through its inspiration of later artists, The Americans became a seminal work in American photography and art history, and is the work with which Frank is most clearly identified. In 1961, Frank received his first individual show, entitled Robert Frank: Photographer, at the Art Institute of Chicago. He also showed at MoMA in New York in 1962.
To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the first publication of The Americans, a new edition was released worldwide on May 30, 2008. Robert Frank discussed with his publisher, Gerhard Steidl, the idea of producing a new edition using modern scanning and the finest tritone printing. The starting point was to bring original prints from New York to Göttingen, Germany, where Steidl is based. In July 2007, Frank visited Göttingen. A new format for the book was worked out and new typography selected. A new cover was designed and Frank chose the book cloth, foil embossing and the endpaper. Most significantly, as he has done for every edition of The Americans, Frank changed the cropping of many of the photographs, usually cropping less. Two images were changed completely from the original 1958 and 1959 editions. A celebratory exhibit of The Americans was displayed in 2009 at the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.[4]
The second section of the four-section, 2009, SFMOMA [1] exhibition displays Frank’s original application to the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial (which funded the primary work on the Americans project), along with vintage contact sheets, letters to photographer Walker Evans and author Jack Kerouac, and two early manuscript versions of Kerouac’s introduction to the book. Also exhibited are three collages (made from more than 115 original rough work prints) that were assembled under Frank’s supervision in 2007 and 2008, revealing his intended themes as well as his first rounds of image selection.
Films
By the time The Americans was published in the United States, Frank had moved away from photography to concentrate on filmmaking. Among his films was the 1959 Pull My Daisy, which was written and narrated by Kerouac and starred Ginsberg, Gregory Corso and others from the Beat circle. The Beats emphasized spontaneity, and the film conveyed the quality of having been thrown together or even improvised. Pull My Daisy was accordingly praised for years as an improvisational masterpiece, until Frank's co-director, Alfred Leslie, revealed in a November 28, 1968 article in the Village Voice that the film was actually carefully planned, rehearsed, and directed by him and Frank, who shot the film with professional lighting.
In 1960, Frank was staying in Pop artist George Segal's basement while filming Sin of Jesus with a grant from Walter K. Gutman. Isaac Babel's story was transformed to center on a woman working on a chicken farm in New Jersey. It was originally supposed to be filmed in six weeks in and around New Brunswick, but Frank ended up shooting for six months.
His 1972 documentary of the Rolling Stones, Cocksucker Blues, is arguably his best known film. The film shows the Stones while on their '72 tour, engaging in heavy drug use and group sex. Perhaps more disturbing to the Stones when they saw the finished product, however, was the degree to which Frank faithfully captured the loneliness and despair of life on the road. Mick Jagger reportedly told Frank, "It's a fucking good film, Robert, but if it shows in America we'll never be allowed in the country again." The Stones sued to prevent the film's release, and it was disputed whether Frank as the artist or the Stones as those who hired the artist actually owned the copyright. A court order resolved this with Solomonic wisdom by restricting the film to being shown no more than five times per year and only in the presence of Frank. Frank's photography also appeared on the cover of the Rolling Stones' album Exile on Main St..
Other films by Robert Frank include Me and My Brother (film), "Sin of Jesus", "Keep Busy", and Candy Mountain which he co-directed with Rudy Wurlitzer.
Filmography
1959: Pull My Daisy (with Alfred Leslie)
1961: The Sin of Jesus
1963: O.K. End Here
1965/68: Me And My Brother
1969: Conversations in Vermont
1969: Life-Raft Earth
1971: About Me: A Musical
1972: Cocksucker Blues
1975: Keep Busy (with Rudy Wurlitzer)
1980: Life Dances On
1981: Energy and How to Get It (with Rudy Wurlitzer and Gary Hill)
1983: This Song For Jack
1985: Home Improvements
1987: Candy Mountain (with Rudy Wurlitzer)
1989: Hunter
1990: C’est vrai! (One Hour)
1992: Last Supper
1994: Moving Pictures
2002: Paper Route
2004, 2008: True Story
Return to still images
Though Frank continued to be interested in film and video, he returned to still images in the 1970s, publishing his second photographic book, The Lines of My Hand, in 1972. This work has been described as a "visual autobiography", and consists largely of personal photographs. However, he largely gave up "straight" photography to instead create narratives out of constructed images and collages, incorporating words and multiple frames of images that were directly scratched and distorted on the negatives. None of this later work has achieved an impact comparable to that of The Americans. As some critics have pointed out, this is perhaps because Frank began playing with constructed images more than a decade after Robert Rauschenberg introduced his silkscreen composites—in contrast to The Americans, Frank's later images simply were not beyond the pale of accepted technique and practice by that time.
Frank and Mary separated in 1969. He remarried, to sculptor June Leaf, and in 1971, moved to the community of Mabou, Nova Scotia in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia in Canada. In 1974, tragedy struck when his daughter, Andrea, was killed in a plane crash in Tikal, Guatemala. Also around this time, his son, Pablo, was first hospitalized and diagnosed with schizophrenia. Much of Frank's subsequent work has dealt with the impact of the loss of both his daughter and subsequently his son, who died in an Allentown, Pennsylvania hospital in 1994. In 1995, he founded the Andrea Frank Foundation, which provides grants to artists.
Since his move to Nova Scotia, Canada, Frank has divided his time between his home there in a former fisherman's shack on the coast, and his Bleecker Street loft in New York. He has acquired a reputation for being a recluse (particularly since the death of Andrea), declining most interviews and public appearances. He has continued to accept eclectic assignments, however, such as photographing the 1984 Democratic National Convention, and directing music videos for artists such as New Order ("Run"), and Patti Smith ("Summer Cannibals"). Frank continues to produce both films and still images, has helped organize several retrospectives of his art, and his work has been represented by Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York since 1984.[1]In 1994, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC presented the most comprehensive retrospective of Frank's work to date, entitled Moving Out. Frank was awarded the prestigious Hasselblad Award for photography in 1996. His 1997 award exhibition at the Hasselblad Center in Goteborg, Sweden was entitled Flamingo, as was the accompanying published catalog.
Exhibitions
2008, Robert Frank, Paris, Museum Folkwang, Essen
2009, The Americans, National Gallery of Art, Washington D C
2009, Robert Frank. Die Filme, C/O Berlin, Berlin
2012, Robert Frank, From the collection of Fotomuseum Winterthur,[5]Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow
Photo Books
1958: Les Americains, French, Published by Robert Delpire, Paris
1959: The Americans, English, introduction by Jack Kerouac
1972: The lines of my hand
1997: Flamingo
2003: Twenty-four Photographs
2006: Come again
2007: London/Wales
2008: Die Amerikaner, German, reconstructed version of "The Americans" by Robert Frank, introduction by Jack Kerouac; Steidl Verlag, Göttingen 2008 in German ISBN 978-3-86521-658-8. In English ISBN 978-3-86521-584-0. In Chinese, titled Meiguoren ISBN 978-3-86521-657-1
2012: Ferne Nähe/Distant Closeness. Hommage für Robert Walser/A Tribute to Robert Walser. ISBN 978-3-9523586-2-7.
Robert Frank, nacido el 9 de noviembre de 1924 en Zúrich, Suiza, es una importante figura estadounidense dentro del ámbito de la fotografía y el cine. Su trabajo más destacado es el libro de fotografía The Americans, publicado en 1958, el cual está fuertemente influido por el periodo de la post-guerra, y el cual lo ha llevado a ser considerado como un Alexis de Tocqueville moderno por su visión escéptica y fresca de la sociedad estadounidense vista desde una perspectiva de extranjero. Frank expandió sus intereses posteriormente al cine y experimentó con la composición y manipulación de fotografías. En el año 1996 recibió el Premio internacional de la fundación Hasselblad Premio PHotoEspaña Baume et Mercier 2009.
Vida y comienzos de su carrera
Frank nació en una pudiente familia judía en Suiza. Rosa, la madre de Frank, era de ascendencia judía, pero su padre Hermann, había sido apatriado después de la Primera Guerra Mundial y tuvo que pedir la ciudadanía suiza para Frank y su hermano mayor, Manfred. Aunque Frank y su familia permanecieron seguros en Suiza durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la amenaza nazi sin embargo afectó su comprensión sobre la opresión. Se inclinó por la fotografía en parte como una forma de escapar a la tradición de los negocios familiares, siendo entrenado por algunos fotógrafos y diseñadores gráficos antes de crear su primer libro de fotografías en 1946, 40 Fotos. Frank emigró a los Estados Unidos en el 1947, y obtuvo un empleo en la Ciudad de Nueva York como fotógrafo de moda para Harper's Bazaar. Poco después comenzó a viajar por América del Sur y Europa. Publicó dos libros más de fotografías tomadas en Perú, y volvió a los EE.UU. en 1950. Ese año fue uno trascendental para Frank, quien luego de haber conocido a Edward Steichen, participó en la presentación grupal 51 American Photographers en el Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York; además se casó con una compañera artista, Mary Lockspeiser, con la que tuvo dos hijos, Andrea y Pablo.
Aunque en un principio era optimista acerca de los Estados Unidos, su perspectiva cambió rápidamente cuando enfrentó el paso rápido de la vida estadounidense y lo que el veía como un énfasis excesivo en el dinero. Desde entonces comenzó a ver los Estados Unidos como un lugar a menudo triste y solitario, una perspectiva que se volvió evidente en sus posteriores trabajos fotográficos. La propia insatisfacción de Frank con el control excesivo que ejercían sus editores sobre su trabajo también fue un factor determinante en su experiencia. Continuó viajando, moviendo su familia temporeramente a París. En 1953 retorno a Nueva York y continuó trabajando como periodista fotográfico independiente para revistas como McCall's, Vogue, y Fortune.
The Americans
Con ayuda del artista que más influyó sobre su persona, el fotógrafo Walker Evans, Frank recibió un permiso especial de la Fundación John Simon Guggenheim en 1955 para viajar a través de los Estados Unidos y fotografiar la sociedad en todos los estratos. Llevó a su familia con él en una serie de viajes de carretera durante los dos años subsiguientes, en los que tomó unas 28.000 fotografías. Solo 83 de estas fueron seleccionadas por él para ser publicadas en The Americans. El recorrido de Frank no transcurrió sin incidentes. Mientras conducía a Arkansas, Frank fue puesto en prisión de forma arbitraria luego de haber sido detenido por un policía en alguna parte del Profundo Sur, un comisario le indicó que tenía una hora para dejar la ciudad. El vehículo no poseía el título adecuado y Horvitz fue arrestado por un periodo corto de tiempo por posesión de un automóvil robado.1
Poco después de haber regresado a Nueva York en 1957, Frank conoció en una fiesta al escritor de la generación Beat, Jack Kerouac, a quien le mostró algunas de las fotografías tomadas en sus viajes. Kerouac le dijo inmediatamente a Frank "Seguro que puedo escribir algo acerca de estas fotos", contribuyendo posteriormente a la introducción de la edición estadounidense de The Americans. Frank también se hizo amigo de Allen Ginsberg, y fue uno de los principales artistas en documentar la subcultura Beat, que iba de la mano con el interés de Frank en documentar el contraste entre el optimismo reinante en los años 1950 y la diferencias raciales y de clases en la sociedad estadounidense. La ironía que veía Frank en la cultura estadounidense influyó sin duda su técnica fotográfica, marcando un claro contraste en comparación con la mayoría de los foto periodistas contemporáneos, visible en su estilo inusual de enfoque y el uso de luz baja, entre otras características que se desviaban de las técnicas de fotografía aceptadas.
Estas diferencias con los estándares contemporáneos de fotografía le dificultaron a Frank en un inicio ser publicado en los Estados Unidos. Les Americains fue publicado por primera vez en 1958 por Robert Delpire en París, y posteriormente en 1959 en los Estados Unidos por Grove Press, en donde recibió críticas substanciales en un principio. Popular Photography, por ejemplo, clasificó sus imágenes de "considerablemente opacas, porosas, exposiciones turbias, horizontes distorsionados y en general descuidadas." Aunque las ventas en un comienzo fueron bajas, la introducción de Kerouac ayudó a elevarlas en gran parte por la popularidad que representaba el fenómeno Beat en ese entonces. Con el paso del tiempo y mediante la inspiración a artistas posteriores, The Americans se convirtió en un trabajo representativo dentro de la fotografía y la historia del arte estadounidense, siendo a su vez el trabajo con que Frank más se identifica. En 1961, Frank presentó su primera exposición individual titulada Robert Frank: Photographer, en el Art Institute of Chicago. También se presentó en el MOMA en Nueva York en el 1962.
Está disponible en castellano, editado por La Fábrica, bajo el nombre de "Los Americanos"
Cine
Para ese entonces, sin embargo, Frank se había movido de la fotografía para concentrarse en la realización de películas. Entre estas se encontraba Pull My Daisy de 1959, la cual fue escrita y narrada por Kerouac y protagonizada por Ginsberg y otros dentro del círculo Beat. Pull My Daisy fue elogiada por años como una obra maestra de la improvisación, hasta que el co-director de Frank, Alfred Leslie, revelara el 28 de noviembre de 1968 en un artículo de Village Voice que la película de hecho fue cuidadosamente planeada, ensayado y dirigida por él y Frank, quienes filmaron la película con un set profesional de luces.
En 1960, Frank permaneció en el sótano del artista Fluxus George Segal mientras filmaba Sin of Jesus con una concesión de Walter K. Gutman. La historia de Isaac Singer fue transformada para centrarse en la vida de una joven que trabajaba en una granja de pollos en Nueva Jersey. La película estaba supuesta a ser filmada en seis semanas en New Brunswick y sus alrededores, pero Frank terminó filmando durante seis meses.
Su documental de 1972 sobre los Rolling Stones, Cocksucker Blues, es considerado su mejor filme conocido. El filme muestra a los Stones durante su gira del 1972, envueltos en el uso de drogas y el sexo en grupo. Pero quizás lo más que perturbo a los Stones cuando vieron el producto final, fue la manera franca en que Frank capturo fielmente la soledad y desesperación de la vida en la calle. Mick Jagger le indicó a Frank, "Es un jodida buena película, Robert, pero si se muestra en América nunca más nos permitirán en el país." Los Rolling Stones demandaron para impedir que el filme fuera lanzado, y se discutió si los derechos de autor sobre el material filmado recaían sobre Frank o sobre la banda. La corte resolvió la disputa restringiendo la exhibición del filme a ser mostrado no más de 5 veces al año y solo en presencia de Frank. La fotografía de Frank también apareció en la carátula del álbum Exile on Main St. de los Rolling Stones.
Otras películas realizadas por Frank incluyen Keep Busy" y "Candy Mountain", ambas co-dirigidas junto a Rudy Wurlitzer.
El regreso a las imágenes
Aunque Frank se mantuvo interesado en el cine, retomó la fotografía en los años 1970 con la publicación de su segundo libro fotográfico, Lines of My Hand, en 1972. Este trabajo ha sido descrito como una "autobiografía visual" y consiste en su mayoría de fotografías personales. Ninguno de sus trabajos posteriores ha tenido tanta notoriedad como la conseguida con The Americans. Algunos críticos aluden a esto por las incorporaciones posteriores de imágenes compuestas en sus trabajos, una década después de que Robert Rauschenberg introdujera sus composiciones serigráficas y en contraste con The Americans, las imágenes posteriores de Frank simplemente no iban acorde con las técnicas y prácticas establecidas para ese tiempo.
Frank y Mary se separaron en 1969. Se volvió a casar en 1971 con la escultora June Leaf, moviéndose luego a la comunidad de Mabou en Cape Breton Island, Nueva Escocia. En 1974 la tragedia le tocó cuando su hija Andrea murió en un accidente aéreo en Tikal, Guatemala. Un poco antes, su hijo Pablo, fue hospitalizado y diagnosticado con esquizofrenia. Muchos de los trabajos subsiguientes de Frank mostraban el impacto que había tenido en su vida la pérdida de su hija y la batalla continua de su hijo con su enfermedad mental. En 1995 fundó la Fundación Andrea Frank que proporcionaba préstamos a artistas.
Desde que se movió a Nueva Escocia, Frank adquirió una reputación de hombre solitario y reclusivo (particularmente tras la muerte de su hija), rechazando la mayoría de las propuestas para entrevistas y apariciones publicas. Ha continuado aceptando asignaciones eclécticas como fotógrafo y director de vídeos musicales para artistas como New Order y Patti Smith. Frank continua realizando filmes así como imágenes, y ha ayudado a organizar varias retrospectivas de su arte. En 1994, la Galería Nacional de Arte de Washington, presentó la exposición retrospectiva más abarcadora de su trabajo hasta la fecha, con el nombre de Moving Out. Actualmente es representado por la Galería Pace/MacGill en Nueva York. En 2007 Robert Frank recibe el premio PHotoEspaña Baume et Mercier de las manos del presidente del Festival Alberto Anaut. PHotoEspaña reconoció la trayectoria de este gran fotógrafo.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_FrankVida y comienzos de su carrera
Frank nació en una pudiente familia judía en Suiza. Rosa, la madre de Frank, era de ascendencia judía, pero su padre Hermann, había sido apatriado después de la Primera Guerra Mundial y tuvo que pedir la ciudadanía suiza para Frank y su hermano mayor, Manfred. Aunque Frank y su familia permanecieron seguros en Suiza durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la amenaza nazi sin embargo afectó su comprensión sobre la opresión. Se inclinó por la fotografía en parte como una forma de escapar a la tradición de los negocios familiares, siendo entrenado por algunos fotógrafos y diseñadores gráficos antes de crear su primer libro de fotografías en 1946, 40 Fotos. Frank emigró a los Estados Unidos en el 1947, y obtuvo un empleo en la Ciudad de Nueva York como fotógrafo de moda para Harper's Bazaar. Poco después comenzó a viajar por América del Sur y Europa. Publicó dos libros más de fotografías tomadas en Perú, y volvió a los EE.UU. en 1950. Ese año fue uno trascendental para Frank, quien luego de haber conocido a Edward Steichen, participó en la presentación grupal 51 American Photographers en el Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York; además se casó con una compañera artista, Mary Lockspeiser, con la que tuvo dos hijos, Andrea y Pablo.
Aunque en un principio era optimista acerca de los Estados Unidos, su perspectiva cambió rápidamente cuando enfrentó el paso rápido de la vida estadounidense y lo que el veía como un énfasis excesivo en el dinero. Desde entonces comenzó a ver los Estados Unidos como un lugar a menudo triste y solitario, una perspectiva que se volvió evidente en sus posteriores trabajos fotográficos. La propia insatisfacción de Frank con el control excesivo que ejercían sus editores sobre su trabajo también fue un factor determinante en su experiencia. Continuó viajando, moviendo su familia temporeramente a París. En 1953 retorno a Nueva York y continuó trabajando como periodista fotográfico independiente para revistas como McCall's, Vogue, y Fortune.
The Americans
Con ayuda del artista que más influyó sobre su persona, el fotógrafo Walker Evans, Frank recibió un permiso especial de la Fundación John Simon Guggenheim en 1955 para viajar a través de los Estados Unidos y fotografiar la sociedad en todos los estratos. Llevó a su familia con él en una serie de viajes de carretera durante los dos años subsiguientes, en los que tomó unas 28.000 fotografías. Solo 83 de estas fueron seleccionadas por él para ser publicadas en The Americans. El recorrido de Frank no transcurrió sin incidentes. Mientras conducía a Arkansas, Frank fue puesto en prisión de forma arbitraria luego de haber sido detenido por un policía en alguna parte del Profundo Sur, un comisario le indicó que tenía una hora para dejar la ciudad. El vehículo no poseía el título adecuado y Horvitz fue arrestado por un periodo corto de tiempo por posesión de un automóvil robado.1
Poco después de haber regresado a Nueva York en 1957, Frank conoció en una fiesta al escritor de la generación Beat, Jack Kerouac, a quien le mostró algunas de las fotografías tomadas en sus viajes. Kerouac le dijo inmediatamente a Frank "Seguro que puedo escribir algo acerca de estas fotos", contribuyendo posteriormente a la introducción de la edición estadounidense de The Americans. Frank también se hizo amigo de Allen Ginsberg, y fue uno de los principales artistas en documentar la subcultura Beat, que iba de la mano con el interés de Frank en documentar el contraste entre el optimismo reinante en los años 1950 y la diferencias raciales y de clases en la sociedad estadounidense. La ironía que veía Frank en la cultura estadounidense influyó sin duda su técnica fotográfica, marcando un claro contraste en comparación con la mayoría de los foto periodistas contemporáneos, visible en su estilo inusual de enfoque y el uso de luz baja, entre otras características que se desviaban de las técnicas de fotografía aceptadas.
Estas diferencias con los estándares contemporáneos de fotografía le dificultaron a Frank en un inicio ser publicado en los Estados Unidos. Les Americains fue publicado por primera vez en 1958 por Robert Delpire en París, y posteriormente en 1959 en los Estados Unidos por Grove Press, en donde recibió críticas substanciales en un principio. Popular Photography, por ejemplo, clasificó sus imágenes de "considerablemente opacas, porosas, exposiciones turbias, horizontes distorsionados y en general descuidadas." Aunque las ventas en un comienzo fueron bajas, la introducción de Kerouac ayudó a elevarlas en gran parte por la popularidad que representaba el fenómeno Beat en ese entonces. Con el paso del tiempo y mediante la inspiración a artistas posteriores, The Americans se convirtió en un trabajo representativo dentro de la fotografía y la historia del arte estadounidense, siendo a su vez el trabajo con que Frank más se identifica. En 1961, Frank presentó su primera exposición individual titulada Robert Frank: Photographer, en el Art Institute of Chicago. También se presentó en el MOMA en Nueva York en el 1962.
Está disponible en castellano, editado por La Fábrica, bajo el nombre de "Los Americanos"
Cine
Para ese entonces, sin embargo, Frank se había movido de la fotografía para concentrarse en la realización de películas. Entre estas se encontraba Pull My Daisy de 1959, la cual fue escrita y narrada por Kerouac y protagonizada por Ginsberg y otros dentro del círculo Beat. Pull My Daisy fue elogiada por años como una obra maestra de la improvisación, hasta que el co-director de Frank, Alfred Leslie, revelara el 28 de noviembre de 1968 en un artículo de Village Voice que la película de hecho fue cuidadosamente planeada, ensayado y dirigida por él y Frank, quienes filmaron la película con un set profesional de luces.
En 1960, Frank permaneció en el sótano del artista Fluxus George Segal mientras filmaba Sin of Jesus con una concesión de Walter K. Gutman. La historia de Isaac Singer fue transformada para centrarse en la vida de una joven que trabajaba en una granja de pollos en Nueva Jersey. La película estaba supuesta a ser filmada en seis semanas en New Brunswick y sus alrededores, pero Frank terminó filmando durante seis meses.
Su documental de 1972 sobre los Rolling Stones, Cocksucker Blues, es considerado su mejor filme conocido. El filme muestra a los Stones durante su gira del 1972, envueltos en el uso de drogas y el sexo en grupo. Pero quizás lo más que perturbo a los Stones cuando vieron el producto final, fue la manera franca en que Frank capturo fielmente la soledad y desesperación de la vida en la calle. Mick Jagger le indicó a Frank, "Es un jodida buena película, Robert, pero si se muestra en América nunca más nos permitirán en el país." Los Rolling Stones demandaron para impedir que el filme fuera lanzado, y se discutió si los derechos de autor sobre el material filmado recaían sobre Frank o sobre la banda. La corte resolvió la disputa restringiendo la exhibición del filme a ser mostrado no más de 5 veces al año y solo en presencia de Frank. La fotografía de Frank también apareció en la carátula del álbum Exile on Main St. de los Rolling Stones.
Otras películas realizadas por Frank incluyen Keep Busy" y "Candy Mountain", ambas co-dirigidas junto a Rudy Wurlitzer.
El regreso a las imágenes
Aunque Frank se mantuvo interesado en el cine, retomó la fotografía en los años 1970 con la publicación de su segundo libro fotográfico, Lines of My Hand, en 1972. Este trabajo ha sido descrito como una "autobiografía visual" y consiste en su mayoría de fotografías personales. Ninguno de sus trabajos posteriores ha tenido tanta notoriedad como la conseguida con The Americans. Algunos críticos aluden a esto por las incorporaciones posteriores de imágenes compuestas en sus trabajos, una década después de que Robert Rauschenberg introdujera sus composiciones serigráficas y en contraste con The Americans, las imágenes posteriores de Frank simplemente no iban acorde con las técnicas y prácticas establecidas para ese tiempo.
Frank y Mary se separaron en 1969. Se volvió a casar en 1971 con la escultora June Leaf, moviéndose luego a la comunidad de Mabou en Cape Breton Island, Nueva Escocia. En 1974 la tragedia le tocó cuando su hija Andrea murió en un accidente aéreo en Tikal, Guatemala. Un poco antes, su hijo Pablo, fue hospitalizado y diagnosticado con esquizofrenia. Muchos de los trabajos subsiguientes de Frank mostraban el impacto que había tenido en su vida la pérdida de su hija y la batalla continua de su hijo con su enfermedad mental. En 1995 fundó la Fundación Andrea Frank que proporcionaba préstamos a artistas.
Desde que se movió a Nueva Escocia, Frank adquirió una reputación de hombre solitario y reclusivo (particularmente tras la muerte de su hija), rechazando la mayoría de las propuestas para entrevistas y apariciones publicas. Ha continuado aceptando asignaciones eclécticas como fotógrafo y director de vídeos musicales para artistas como New Order y Patti Smith. Frank continua realizando filmes así como imágenes, y ha ayudado a organizar varias retrospectivas de su arte. En 1994, la Galería Nacional de Arte de Washington, presentó la exposición retrospectiva más abarcadora de su trabajo hasta la fecha, con el nombre de Moving Out. Actualmente es representado por la Galería Pace/MacGill en Nueva York. En 2007 Robert Frank recibe el premio PHotoEspaña Baume et Mercier de las manos del presidente del Festival Alberto Anaut. PHotoEspaña reconoció la trayectoria de este gran fotógrafo.
Photos - Fotos: Robert Frank - Photojournalism - Part 1 - 17 photos - Bio data
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Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.
Gracias :)
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